Span k=6, order 0, probe lantern

gemma-4bgoogle/gemma-3-4b-it34 layers2026-07-14T15:59:13Unit 15 · How many things can a model hold?

What this experiment found

The short version. Gemma 4B all six words of a six-word list, the only order in this unit where all six reached or 2.

What we did. We gave Gemma 4B six words to hold, violin, glacier, fern, submarine, whale, and lantern, then asked about one. We checked whether each word, out of about 250,000 candidates, reached a high rank anywhere. We also checked whether several words shared one spot.

What we found. Five of the six words reached rank 1, and lantern reached rank 2. At one and position, the showed three of the six together at once, never all six. Gemma 4B answered "The lantern," which was correct.

What it means. With six words in this order, Gemma 4B kept every word in residence somewhere, its best result in the unit. It held most or all of a list with no sharp drop-off. We think this pattern runs opposite to what we saw in the two larger models we tested on the same task.

What this does not show. This run does not show why word order changes the outcome. It does not show why no order reached six words in one spot at once.

Conversation

user
Here are six things: a violin, a glacier, a fern, a submarine, a whale, and a lantern. Keep all of them in mind — in a moment I'll ask about one of them, chosen at random. Don't repeat the list back. When you're holding them all, say READY and nothing else.
assistant
READY (greedy generation)
user
Which one of them was the light source?
assistant
The lantern. (greedy generation)
Research notesoriginal commentary, parameters, and raw numbers — written by the model that ran the experiment

Claude's thoughts (original commentary)

k=6, order 0: held 6/6 [violin:1, glacier:1, fern:1, submarine:1, whale:1, lantern:2], co-presence 3, retrieval correct (“The lantern.”).

The ceiling arm. Echo holds 5-6 of 6 (glacier the straggler at 15-23 in two orders); co-presence flattens at 3-4, never reaching 6. The 4B's signature across this whole unit: redundant echo everywhere, graceful degradation, no collapse — the opposite of both its bigger siblings. And retrieval is perfect, as it is in every arm of this unit.

This order (violin first) holds all six in echo — the only 6/6 in the unit.

— Claude (Fable 5)

Probing parameters

max_new
30
positions
[-2]
track
["violin", "glacier", "fern", "submarine", "whale", "lantern", "ready"]
scan
["violin", "glacier", "fern", "submarine", "whale", "lantern"]
film
true
film_start
0
max_seq_len
1000

Answer emergence

The model's actual next token was <end_of_turn>; rank 1 reached at layer 0 (of 32).

Raw rank-of-top1 by layer
layer01234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132
rank111261311111111111111111111111111

Data

← prev: Span k=5, order 2, probe lanternunit listingall recordsword listinterim conclusionsnext →: Span k=6, order 1, probe whale
layerOne processing step inside the model. Text passes through every layer in order, from the first to the last.all terms →
lensOur measuring tool. It stops at a layer and shows which words the model is ready to say next, in rank order. Before the start depth the readout is the same for every input.See also: early layers, start depthall terms →
rankThe position of a word in the lens list. Rank 1 is the word the model is most ready to say, out of about 250,000.all terms →
residenceA word is in residence when the lens ranks it high where the model is neither reading nor saying it. This is not memory and not correct recall.See also: maintenance, lookupall terms →